Quizes
Technology

Apparent frequency calculation

Source, sound, observer are in same direction
f' = f ( v-vo )

v-vs


if the direction of observer or source changes, then sign changes.

If freq. Appears be double the freq. of source, for a stationary observer, then
vs = v

2

If for a stationary observer freq. Appears to be half the real freq. Then

vs= -v

Simple Harmonic Motion

Velocity of particle executing SHM:
v=ωACosωt = ω√A2-y2

Accelaration:
a=-ω2ASinωt = -ω2y

Kinetic Energy:

Ek=
1 2A2Cos2ωt

2


Potential Energy:

Ep=
12A2sin2ωt

2


Total Energy:
E=2π2mf2A2

Conjugate Acid-Base pair

Pair of acid and base that differ by a proton.

Examples:
1. OH- and O-2
2. HCO3- and CO32-


How to find conjugate base pair:

To form an base, the substance should loose a H+ ion (proton). So, remove one H+ and subtract 1 from the charge.

To form an acid, the substance should recieve a proton. So add an H+ ion.

Faraday's laws of Electrolysis

First law:
Amount substance discharged at an electrode during Electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed.
W α Q
W = ZIt

Z =
Eq.mass

96,500


Second law:
when same quantity of electricity is passed to solutions of different Electrolytes amount of substances discharged at the electrodes is directly proportional to their equivalet masses.

W1 = E1

W2

E2

Calculation of Number of Pi and Sigma bonds in a Molecule

PI bond is formed by axial overlapping.
SIGMA bond is formed by lateral overlapping
A SIGMA bond alone can exist in a molecule, but PI bond cannot.

How to calculate number of Pi and sigma bonds in molecule.

Every single bond in a molecule is formed by sigma bond.
Every double bond in a molecule is formed by a sigma bond and a Pi bond.
On the basis of this number of sigma and Pi bonds can be calculated.

Eg: CH3-CH=CH-CH3

Number of Sigma Bonds: 3
Number of π bonds : 1